Dam and apparatus for and method of constructing the same.



No. 844,498. PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907.

- H. L. COOPER. I

US FOR AND METHOD OF GONSTRUGTING THE SAME.

DAM AND APPARA No. 844,498. PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907.

H. L. COOPER. DAM AND APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF- GONSTRUGTING THE SAME APPLICATION FILED, HAY 6, 1906.

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No. 844,498. PATENTED FEB. 19. 1907.

Ha L COOPER.

DAM AND APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF GONSTRUGTING THE SAME.

APPLIUATION FILED MAY 5. 1906.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES PATENT- onnro.

HUGH L." COOPER, or STAMFORD, CONNECTICUT. DAM AND APPARATUS FOR AND METHOD OF CONS' I'RUCTING THE SAME.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 5, 1906. Serial No. 315,427.

Patented Feb. 19, 1907.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HUGH L. COOPER, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city of Stamford, county of Fairfield, and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Im rovements in Dams and Apparatus for an Method of Constructing the Same, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to dams and to apparatus for and method of constructing the same, and has for its object the economical and perfect construction of dams in sections and by the aid of stop logs or gates and of material or means suitable for joining the-sections and in the manner and by the means hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a view in elevation showing completed alternate sections of a dam and a stop-log in position for work to be done upon a section intervening between the two adjacent completed sections. Fig. 2 is a plan view from above of the parts of the dam and of the stoplog shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a view in elevation, partly in section, looking in the direction of the arrow :2: at a section of the dam indicated by the line a b in Fig. 2, with the stop-log, however, removed and the water flowing through the open section and over the footing-course of the dam. view similar to that of Fig. 3 the section being made, however, with the stop-log in place and masonry or stone work of the section inserted and carried to a considerable height. Fig. 4 also shows methods of placing, adjusting, and holding the stop-log in position. Fig. 5 is a rear elevation of'the stop-log shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the view being similar to that of the stop-log shown in Fig. 1, but on a larger scale. Fig. 6 is a view looking in the direction of the arrow y at a horizontal section indicated by the line 0 d of the stop-log shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a view looking in the direction of the arrow z of a vertical section indicated by the line e f of the stop-log shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a view similar to that of Fig. 1 except that the masonry in all but one of the openings or sections between the completed alternate sections has been carried to a height nearly uniform throughout the dam. In Fig. 8 at the opening or section where the stop-log is in position the masonry or stone work of the section is being inserte'dand carried approximately to the height already Fig. 4 is a.

.on one side.

reached in the other uncompleted sections of the dam, and, as shown in Fig. 8, while such work is being done by aid of the stop-log the water'is flowing through the spaces of the other uncompleted sections of the dam where the work is not going on. Fig. 9 shows-an elevation of a completed dam embodying the features of this invention and constructed according to the method and by means of the apparatus of this invention, the completed dam being in sections, which sections are joined by some suitable material, as'hereinafter described. Fig. 10 is a plan view from above of part of the completed dam, showing a joining together of completed sections of the dam.

Referring generally to the figures of the drawings, A A A is the bottom of the river or other body of water across which the dam is to be constructed. B B B are the footingcourses built to a suitable height, (indicated by completed or built to the height and conditions required. The sections E E E and F F F are preferably made integral with the footing-courses. G G G are recesses in sections of the footing-courses and in sections C C C The sections C C for the reception of ribs H H H, which project from sections E E E and F F F and in. like manner from sections of the footingcourses.

I is the water of the river or other body of water.

J is a stop-log. The stop-log is preferably constructed as shown in the drawings, wherein the stop-log is shown as a hollow'box open When such a stop-log is adjusted in position, as in Figs. 1, 2, and 4, the stoplog is open on the downstream side. The stop-log may be constructed of steel or other suitable metal or material and it need not be a hollow box, but may be of any suitable or convenient form. A fiat stop-log consisting of or like the rear or upstreamside of the stop-log shown in Fig. 5 would be a suitable stop-log. To insure sufficient strength to the stop-log, bars K K K, of steel or other e suitable material, maybe secured to therear or upstream side of the sto -log. To give additional strength to a stop= og consisting of a hollow box, suitable supports L L L may also be applied M is arim or flap, of rubber or other suitable material, affixed to andprojecting from the edges of the sides of the stop-log which press toward or against the masonry or stone work of the dam, the ur ose of theri'm or flap being, to lessen or prevent the leakage of water betweenth'e stop-log and the masonry of'the dam.

In Fig. 4, N is water that has leaked into the stop-log J, and O are means which may be used for placing, adjusting, and holding the stop log in position; but the pressure of the water against the stop-log is mainly or entirely relied upon to secure or hold the stop-log in position and to press its surround ing rim, flap, or gasket M a ains't the mason'ry to reduce or prevent lea age;

P is suitable material by which the sections of the dam are joined.

Of the many considerations involved in building dams, especially large masonry dams, two important ones are, first, the ex construction, their nature depending largely upon local conditions; but coffer-darns or other temporary diverting works have been required'in most cases. Such coffer-dams or other temporary diverting works are often of great magnitude, and in general the methods heretofore resorted to for excluding water from the work during construction have formed a very important item in the cost of dams. With reference to the second consideration, masonry dams have heretofore been designed and'built as monoliths without any provision being made to guard against the effects of expansion and contraction of the mass longitudinally, In many such cases large and small cracks have developed in the masonry, and such cracks always cause more or less leakage and may impair the strength and integrity of the dam.

In the construction of a dam accordin to ed this invention the foregoing conslderatlons are fully provided for and the dam may be constructed in sections,- as follows:

The footing courses B B B are built to a' suitable height in any ordinary mannenas by the aid of coifer-dam's or other temporary div rting-works, as will be well understood by those skilled in the art to which this in vention appertains; The footing i'COllISeS B B B should, however, preferably be built in sections, which may correspond to the sections 0 C U andF F F of the rest of the dam built upon them, in order that provision may be made, as hereinafter explained, to guard longitudinally against the effects of expansion and contraction of the mass of the footing-courses. When a part of the footing courses B B B orsome only of the sections of the footing=courses have been completed, al

ternate sections C O G of the dam are then built complete, preferably to the top upon the completed part orsections of the ioot1ng= courses. Then the remaining part or parts or remaining sections of the footing=courses are built and the remaining alternate" sec tions 0 G O of the dam are then built complete, preferablyto the top upon the said -re= maining part or arts or sections" of the footing -cour'ses' thus completed, the Water in the meantime flowing through the openings D D D between the sectionsu O 0 previously construeted. The constructed sections 0 O C will now alternate with the open spaces D D D throughout the length of the d.a1n,;and at this stage of the work the watersflow through all the openings D D Dbejtween the eon=- structed sections C G O. Thework of filling up the OpeningsDD D and efconstructing the remaining sections F F F of the dam is then begun and is carried 011111 such a way, as

hereinafter explained, that the height of the masonry E BE in the openings D DDis made and kept preferably nearly uniform throughout the progress of 'the work andun til the sections 1 F F have been constructed Sections F F F are constructed-in the open in s D D D by the aid of sto -logs J and in the following manner: The stop-logs J areof length sufiicient to extend across the openings D D D left in the dam after the construction of the sections C C O and to overlap and to rest against the masonry on eachsi'de of'the openings D D D. The stop-logs'J are placed in vertical positions against the back or upstream side ofthe dam; 1f the stop log is a hollow box, its open side is placed against the back or up stream side of the dam. The depth of each stop-log J issu'ch that its top edge projects above the water; and its lower edge overlaps and rests against the masonry. This position of the stop log is maintained as the sto' log' is c'arried'up along the openingD as tl i work progresses.- The sto'p log in this position forms agate excluding water from the opening D between two sections 0 C of the dam, and as the stoplog is raised and vertically adjusted to the. work as the work progresses thewaterisex eluded from the work in the opening D from bottomte top and until the section- 13 ibeen'construeted, iifctti" N that temporary diverting-work above the height necessary for the construction of the lootingcourses, since the openings D D D between the sections 0 C 0 provide for the flow of the water during the progress of the work. The water flows during the progress of the work only through those openings 'D D D to which stop-logs are not applied and in which the sections E E E or F F F of the dam are not being built. According to this invention provision is therefore made in the progress of the work itself for the discharge of the water of the river, stream, or other body of water during the construction of the masonry or body of the dam above the footingcourses. For the construction of the alternate sections C O O in the manner herein described it is not necessary, as will be well understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention appertains and as clearly appears from the foregoing description, to carry the coffer-dams or other temporary diverting-works upward above the height necessary to construct the footingcourses; and because the dam is constructed in sections, by reason 01 which the openings D D D provide means for the discharge of the water during .the progress of the work, as above explained, the remaining parts of the dam or sections E E E or F F F may be constructed by the use of stop-logs, as herein explained.

The construction of the dam in sections according to this invention also permits the effects of expansion and contraction of the mass to be guarded against longitudinally. If the sections of the footing-courses or the sections C C C and F F F built upon the footing-courses were joined together without provision made against the bonding of the several adjoining sections, so that the footingcourses form a monolith, and the sections C C C andF FF form amonolith, or so that all the sections taken together form a monolith, large and small cracks would ordinarily develop in the dam, cause more or less leakage, and threathen or impair the strength and integrity of the darn. By building the dam in sections, as herein described, and by joining the sections and interposing some suitable material P between the adjacent sections the effects of expansion and contraction referred to are avoided. By such a construction of the dam in sections and by such a joining of the adjacent sections bonding of the adjacent sectionswill not occur,

and neither the footing-courses will form a monolith, nor will the parts above the footingcourses form a monolith, nor will the footingcourses and the parts of the dam above the footing-courses together form a monolith. As a consequence efficient provision is made against the development of cracks in the dam and against leakage caused by such cracks and against the threatening and impairing of the strength, efliciency, and in tegrity of the dam. The material P used for joining the adjacent sections may be any suitable material which will prevent the sections from bonding, such as felt soaked in tar, tar melted and ap lied with brushes, suitable oil, such as ffnseedpil, asphalt, elastic material, and the like. The material P, interposed between the adjacent sections, is intended. primarily to prevent the sections from bonding. If the material employed is such as to make a water-tight joint, such effect is secondary. Deposits from the water will in time make a joint water-tight, as is well understood. The several sections of a dam so constructed will when finished be independent blocks. A section of the footingcourses and a section C or a section F of the dam built upon it should preferably constitute an independent block, it not being necessary or advisable to insert the material P between the footing-courses and the sections C C C and FFF built upon the footing-courses or otherwise to prevent the bonding between the sections of the footing-courses and the other sections of the dam built upon and above the footing courses. In the completed darn the sections of the footing-courses should preferably be integral with the sections 0 C C and F F F built upon them. The sections C C C and F F F may advantageously be dovetailed together, as by recesses G G G and ribs H H H projecting into them, the material P also being used, as above described, and so may the several sections of the footingcourses.

The stop-logs J may be handled, placed, and adjusted in position by any suitable lneans for example, by suitable tackle and apparatus operating from a barge or from sive and approximately uniform hei-gh ts; subsisting: in constructing: SBOliIlOIISEf oi the. dam;

, with open ispaaces'b etween for: the flow: of. wa ten; then progressively. excluding; the water. from. the: open: spaces-, and. the. open.-

., spaces; to. successive and 1 approximately form heights;v substantially as described.

The method. .offconstructing adam, con-- sisting in constructing sections-of the: dam". with openspacesbctween for: the flow of the.- water, then progressively placing stop-logs" in position.acrossotheeopen spaces and exclude ing. thereby v the Water; from the :open spaces.-

and 1 filling; the: open; spaces; after: and," while.

the water: is:- excluded. therefrom,. sulostan-- tially asdescribed;

The method ofjconstructing a dam, con

sisting constructing sections-0t. the: dam i with I open spac es-b etween for 'thevflowof the water; and-then; bythe aid otasstop-log, pro-- gressivelyxexoluding the water from :the. op en spaces andufilling. e. open spaces tozsuoces stantially as describedi 5o.v The method of constructingiadam, 0011-. I sisting; in constructing: the. footing-courses;= and :upon thezfooting+courses sections of the;

dam with open spaces between forthe flow of the: water; then progressively closing-the open 1 spaces above. the 'footing-coi-irses- ;and excluding ;thereby the. Water: from tthe; open 1 spaces,

and. filling: the. open. spaces,- substantially, as.

described;

6. The methodofconstrueting adam, con sisting: in; constructing; the; footingecourses and upon the. footing-courses sections-0f the 4 darn with open spaces between for the; flow of. the: water, then progressively excluding the: water from the'open'spaces, andifilling the" open spacessto successive and approximately uniform heights, substantially as des cribed. 7 L The. method of constructing-a dam, con-.-

sisting. in constructing the footing-courses and. upon; the-*footing-courses sections of 1 the dam' with-0pen spacesvb etween forthe flew oil the water, then progressively placing: stoplogs position {across-the open spaces above l the 1 footingacoursesa and excluding thereby the watenfrorntheopen spaces and filling .the;

open spaces; substantially as described;

8. The method of constructing a dam; .con-

sisting in constructing the footing-courses upon the iootingecouises sections: of the.

darn with open spacesb etweenionthe-fiOwofthe water; and then; .by theaid of astop-log,

progressively excluding j the '-water1 from the-v open spaces and filling the open spaces to successive and. approximately uniform heights, substantially as described.

9.; The method-of"constructing :a, dam; con-.- sisting. iniconstructing thee-footing-rcourses in sections. and,v upon the 2 footing-courses sec.-

tions: of: the dam with open spaces between. foritheeflow of. thetwater; andxthen' filling. the.

open spaces, substantially as described 10 The.v method. of: constructing; a: dam,

con'sistingin constructing-part .ofitthe; footing;- courses and upon thezparticonstructed either footingeeoursess, sections of the: dam: withti open ispacesebetweeni foritheeflowof thesawast'er; then constructing the remaining footings courses and, upon the remaining footing: courses sections. otthe dam w-ith openrspaees between v for: theg'sflowof the-Water; andthen). xfilling. the open spaces, substantially as. dee scribed; I

1 1. The method: 015 constructing a dam consisting in constructing the daminsecztionsr of: masonry and will joining; adj acentisectionss by means of materialint erposed between (the, sections and 1suitableatotpreventzthersections.v from-bonding; substantially. as described. I 1.2. The: method of, constructing a; damp consisting in constructing the dam/insectionsu, 10f masonry above the -footingcoursest-and gjoining adjacent' sectionsiby means ofmate-- t ria'l interposed between the sectionssandsuita ableto. prevent the sections from; bonding-1,; substantially as described.

13.; Themethodi of constructing a; dam; consisting-fin constructing. the. footing-courses sections; building. sections of masonry? upon the footingeourses-and .j oining; the 311d? ijacent sections by means of; material inten ;posed. between the: sections;- ofl thev footings courses and between. the .sectionsbuiltupon ;,the footing-courses.- and. suitable. ta prevent. 1 the t sections of masonry from bonding sub istantially asdescribedt I 14; Inadam thecombinationof sections of thedam forming open spaces-b etween :for the flow of the. Water, anda stop-log iIl'pOSI-r ition across such; an open. spacefrom which: thezwatera is excluded, substantially aside-w scribed. I

' 15; he dam thecornbinationot sections; of the dam forming open spaces betweemfor.

gthe flow oflthe water, and a stop-log-prov-idd :with a gasket in :position-across-such an open:

space. from which, the; water. is excluded, 5111b? istantially as --describedi- 16 In ada-rn; the; combination 10f sections; of the dam forming spaces-between for. the? flow of the-swatcr partially filled1with-sec- 'tions of masonry to approximately uniform heights; substantially as described.

17; In a. dam, the combination of sections courses, sections built upon the footingcourses and material interposed between the sections and suitable to prevent the sections from bonding, substantially as described.

20. In a dam, the comblnation of footingcourses in sections, sections built upon the footing-courses and material interposed between the sections of the footing-courses and between the sections built upon the footingcourses and suitable to prevent the sections from bonding, substantially as described.

21. In a dam, the combination of footingcourses and sections built upon the footingcourses with open spaces between the sections and above and across the footing-courses for the flow of the water over the footingcourses, substantially as described.

22. In a dam, the combination of footing.- courses and sections bu lt upon the footingcourses with open spaces between the sections, partially filled to approximately uniform heights, above and across the footingcourses, for the flow of the water over the partially-filled spaces, substantially as described.

23. In a dam, the combination of footingcourses in sections and sections built upon the footing-courses with open spaces between for the flow of the water, substantially as described.

24. In a dam, the combination of footingcourses in sections and sections built upon the footing-courses with open spaces between for the flow of the water, partially filled to approximately uniform heights, substantially as described.

25. In a dam, the combination of footingcourses and sections built upon the footingcourses with open spaces between for the flow of the water, and a stop-log in position across such an open space, from which the water is excluded, substantially as described.

26. In a dam, the combination of footingcourses and sections built upon the footingcourses with spaces between for the flow of the water, partially filled to approximately uniform helghts, and a stop-log in position across such a space from which the water is excluded, substantially as described.

27. In a dam, the combination of footingcourses in sections, and sections built upon the footing-courses with open spaces between for the flow of the water, and a stoplog in osition across an open space, sub-= stantia ly as described.

28. In a dam, the combination of footingcourses in sections, and sections built upon the footing-courses with spaces between for the flow of the water, partially filled to approximately uniform heights, and a stop-log sections and suitable to prevent the sections from bonding, substantially as described.

30. A dam, consisting of footing-courses in sections, and sections budt upon the footingcourses with spaces betweenfor the flow of the water, partially filled to approximately uniform heights, and material interposed between the sections of the footing-courses and between the sections built upon the footing-courses and suitable to prevent the sections from bonding, substantially as described.

31. A dam, consisting of footing-courses and consecutive, independent sections of masonry built upon and across and along the footing-courses, substantially as described.

32. A dam, consisting of footing-courses in sections and consecutive, independent sections of masonry built upon and across and along the footing-courses, substantially as described.

33. A dam, consisting of independent blocks of masonry and material interposed between adjacent blocks and suitable to prevent the blocks from bonding, substantially as described.

34. A dam, consisting of consecutive sections of masonry provided with recesses and ribs projecting into the recesses, substantially as described.

35. A dam, consisting of footing-courses and consecutive sections of masonry built upon the footing-courses and provided with recesses and ribs projecting into the recesses, substantially as described.

HUGH L. COOPER.

Witnesses:

H, J. RHODES, J. P. ALLEN. 

